ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 outbreak has seriously affected the global food security at a time when it was significantly compromised by the effects of climate change and armed conflicts. The impact of the pandemic and quarantine restrictions imposed in response to the deadly virus brought humanity face-to-face with a new threat – that of food insecurity – which contributed to a high social demand for state-of-the-art methods of improving the cereal production efficiency. The aim of the study is to develop and implement a methodological approach to enhancing the cereal production efficiency. The methodology of the study relies on time series that made it possible to determine the main trends in regional cereal production and make projections. Application of the suggested approach in the Kostanay region revealed that this region was among the key cereal producers in the country. In 2019, the region was affected by extreme weather, which caused a sharp decline in cereal production. The present study, however, projects large opportunities for cereal production growth in the region and a significant increase in cereal production in the future. In addition, the paper suggests the following action plan to improve efficiency of the cereal production sector in the Kostanay region: streamlining of state support arrangements for cereal producers;development of affordable crop insurance products;systemic steps to increase cereal yields;development of logistic infrastructure;comprehensive monitoring of cereal production to develop a system of rapid response to changes in the external environment © 2022,Journal of Ecological Engineering.All Rights Reserved
ABSTRACT
This study uses satellite imagery and geospatial data to examine the impact of floods over the main planting areas for double-cropping rice and grain crops in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. During summer 2020, a long-lasting 62-day heavy rainfall caused record-breaking floods over large areas of China, especially the Yangtze basin. Through close examination of Sentinel-1/2 satellite imagery and Copernicus Global Land Cover, between July and August 2020, the inundation area reached 21,941 and 23,063 km2, and the crop-affected area reached 11,649 and 11,346 km2, respectively. We estimated that approximately 4.66 million metric tons of grain crops were seriously affected in these two months. While the PRC government denied that food security existed, the number of Grains and Feeds imported from the U.S. between January to July 2021 increased by 316%. This study shows that with modern remote sensing techniques, stakeholders can obtain critical estimates of large-scale disaster events much earlier than other indicators, such as disaster field surveys or crop price statistics. Potential use could include but is not limited to monitoring floods and land use coverage changes.
ABSTRACT
The study was relatively undertaken at the time of Covid-19 pandemic in Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh state, India, to know the overall economic structure of gross expenditure, profitability structure, production cost concept, net returnes, benefitcost ratio (BCR) of rice crop under three categories of farm holders. Purposive as well as multistate random sampling methods were adopted for the research study. A total of 30 farmers were selected from the categorized three group's viz. small, medium, and large farmers. With the help of a prepared pre-tested interview schedule, a survey method was applied for primary data collection. The actual gross and net return of rice grower was needed to know at the situation of the covid-19 pandemic. So that could reach on real cost and net returns structure and explain it under three different farms size holders, therefore worked on this vital subject of the overall economic profile. This research revealed that Cost C2, C3, production cost (Rs. /quintal) at C3, net profit at C3, and (BCR) benefit-cost ratio at C3 in one acre of small rice grower was Rs. 27662, Rs. 30,428.2, Rs. 1521.41, Rs. 19571 and 1:1.64 respectively. Thus, cost C2, C3, cost of production (Rs. /quintal) at C3, net profit at C3, and the benefit-cost ratio at C3 in one acre of medium rice grower was Rs. 31576.08, Rs. 34,733.68, Rs. 1447.23, Rs. 25266.32 and 1:1.72 respectively. Similarly, cost C2, C3, cost of production (Rs. /quintal) at C3, net profit at C3, and the benefitcost ratio at C3 in one acre of large rice grower was Rs. 32908.08, Rs. 36,198.8, Rs. 1447.95, Rs. 26301.12 and 1:1.72 respectively. After jointly calculating the categories of data based on farms size, it revealed that the average total expenditure, Cost 2, C3, production cost (Rs./q) at C3, net profit at C3, and BCR at C3 were Rs. 30715.38, Rs. 30715.39, Rs. 33786.92, Rs. 1472.19, Rs. 23712.81, and 1:1.69 respectively. According to findings medium and large farmers do higher production of rice crop in one acre comparison of the small farmer. Labor cost is more in the rice farming in the study area, need to them the economical planning that could help ineffective use of input and get maximum profit through better farming.
ABSTRACT
Indramayu District is one of the centers of rice production in West Java Province which contributes quite a lot to the national food supply. Climate change has resulted in droughts, floods, and pest attacks resulting in crop failure in the area. To protect it, the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) in collaboration with Jasindo provides a rice crop insurance program for affected farmers. However the COVID-19 pandemic has limited social interaction and has an impact on the insurance administration process and rice farming planning in general. The aims of this study was to determine the impact of covid-19 on rice farming planning and insurance activities for farmers. The research was conducted in Indramayu District, West Java Province in April-August 2021. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaires from 7 key informants, then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed that: (1) COVID-19 pandemic did not directly affect the planning and implementation of rice farming;(2) the administrative process of the rice crop insurance program manually is hampered. This causes the absorption of insurance programs to decrease to 30% until August 2021. To overcome this problem, online insurance services are needed and provide training for agricultural extension workers.
ABSTRACT
By braiding together multiple environmental and social factors – ranging from land and water transportation networks, festivities, seafood-eating habits, agricultural cycles, and intensified population gathering during ‘Shuangqiang, or the quick harvesting and planting of rice crops’(p. 3) – Fang presents an ecosystem that set the scene for Zhejiang’s cholera outbreak in July 1962. Cholera had a greater impact in rural areas owing to the poor water-management infrastructure there;women participated in agricultural production, making their infection rate equal to men’s;and the superior nutrition and limited contact with civilians on military bases explains the lower caseload among soldiers. [...]the book can also be read as an account of the resistance, confrontations, and negotiations that occurred between various strands of power in moving towards that style of governance, which was not without its blind spots: public health staff encountered difficulties and even violence when attempting to check inoculation certificates of officers in the People’s Liberation Army (Chapter 4);overseas Chinese were exempted from vaccination certificate checks because the PRC needed their remittances and skills (Chapter 4);and the Zhejiang government adapted its 1963 vaccination campaign to avoid peak farming season due to the passive participation of local cadres and farmworkers the previous year (Chapter 6).